Causal Horizons, Local Ontologies, and Epistemic Limits in Relativistic Cosmology

This paper examines the epistemological consequences of cosmological observation under strict causal constraints arising from relativistic spacetime expansion. A thought experiment is introduced in which a universe contains two causally disconnected galaxies, separated eternally by superluminal metric expansion within a Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) spacetime. We show formally, using null geodesics and the particle horizon integral, that no signal can ever bridge the two regions once the scale factor satisfies specific accelerated expansion conditions. The core thesis is that observers confined to such a region will necessarily infer a local ontology—a complete model of the universe consistent with all empirical data—that is nevertheless globally false. This leads to epistemic closure and a form of ontological underdetermination, analogous to Gödelian incompleteness, Kantian noumenal inaccessible structure, and Hayekian limits of dispersed knowledge. We conclude that relativistic cosmology implies that empirical science may be structurally unable to access global truth about the universe. Leer Todo / Read All.