This paper examines the epistemological consequences of cosmological observation under strict
causal constraints arising from relativistic spacetime expansion. A thought experiment is
introduced in which a universe contains two causally disconnected galaxies, separated eternally
by superluminal metric expansion within a Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW)
spacetime. We show formally, using null geodesics and the particle horizon integral, that no signal
can ever bridge the two regions once the scale factor satisfies specific accelerated expansion
conditions. The core thesis is that observers confined to such a region will necessarily infer a local
ontology—a complete model of the universe consistent with all empirical data—that is
nevertheless globally false. This leads to epistemic closure and a form of ontological
underdetermination, analogous to Gödelian incompleteness, Kantian noumenal inaccessible
structure, and Hayekian limits of dispersed knowledge. We conclude that relativistic cosmology
implies that empirical science may be structurally unable to access global truth about the
universe.
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